在開發大型系統時,往往會出現這樣一種情況:
我有一部分基礎數據,是類classA是從數據庫A讀取出來的,其他很多的功能都是基于這個基礎數據來操作的。現在呢,我想把數據從數據庫A變成從另外的數據源去獲取,這時候,要修改起來就比較麻煩,要修改其他很多類的代碼。這種設計顯然是不夠靈活的,換句話說,就是緊耦合的,那么什么是緊耦合呢?緊耦合就是指系統中某個部分的函數或類嚴重依賴于系統的其他部分中的函數或類的行為和結構。
這時,工廠模式的作用性就體現出來了。
工廠模式
就是解決這樣的一些情況的設計方法。
工廠模式是一種類,建立了一個工廠來根據所需來創建對象,這種方式在多態性編程中是很重要的,允許動態替換類,修改配置等。
/*基本工廠模式代碼*/
<?php /** * 基本工廠模式 * */ class User { private $username; public function __construct($username) { $this->username = $username; } public function getUser() { return $this->username; } } class userFactory { static public function createUser() { return new User('Jack'); } } $user = userFactory::createUser();echo $user->getUser(); ?>
工廠模式分為:簡單工廠模式、工廠方法模式、抽象工廠模式。
簡單工廠模式,通過靜態方法創建對象。可以理解成,只負責生產同一等級結構中的任何一個產品,但是不能新增產品。
<?php /** *簡單工廠模式 * */ interface userProperties { function getUsername(); function getGender(); function getJob(); } class User implements userProperties{ private $username; private $gender; private $job; public function __construct($username, $gender, $job) { $this->username = $username; $this->gender = $gender; $this->job = $job; } public function getUsername() { return $this->username; } public function getGender() { return $this->gender; } public function getJob() { return $this->job; } } class userFactory { static public function createUser($properties = []) { return new User($properties['username'], $properties['gender'], $properties['job']); } } $employers = [ ['username' => 'Jack', 'gender' => 'male', 'job' => 'coder'], ['username' => 'Marry', 'gender' => 'female', 'job' => 'designer'], ]; $user = userFactory::createUser($employers[0]); echo $user->getUsername(); ?>
工廠方法模式,去掉了簡單工廠模式中方法的靜態屬性,使其可以被子類集成,定義一個創建對象的接口,讓子類去決定實例化哪個類。可以理解成,用來生產同一等級結構中的固定產品,但是支持增加產品。
<?php /** * 工廠方法模式 **/ interface userProperties { function getUsername(); function getGender(); function getJob(); } interface createUser { function create($properties); } class User implements userProperties{ private $username; private $gender; private $job; public function __construct($username, $gender, $job) { $this->username = $username; $this->gender = $gender; $this->job = $job; } public function getUsername() { return $this->username; } public function getGender() { return $this->gender; } public function getJob() { return $this->job; } } class userFactory { private $user; public function __construct($properties = []) { $this->user = new User($properties['username'], $properties['gender'], $properties['job']); } public function getUser() { return $this->user; } } class FactoryMan implements createUser { function create($properties) { return new userFactory($properties); } } class FactoryWoman implements createUser { function create($properties) { return new userFactory($properties); } } class clientUser { static public function getClient($properties) { $fac = new FactoryMan; $man = $fac->create($properties); echo $man->getUser()->getUsername(); } } $employers = [ ['username' => 'Jack', 'gender' => 'male', 'job' => 'coder'], ['username' => 'Marry', 'gender' => 'female', 'job' => 'designer'], ]; $user = clientUser::getClient($employers[0]); ?>
抽象工廠模式,提供一個創建一系列相關或者相互依賴的對象的接口。可以理解成,用來生產不用類型的全部產品,但是不能增加新品,支持增加新的類型。
<?php /** * 抽象工廠模式 * */ interface userProperties { function getUsername(); function getGender(); function getJob(); } interface createUser { //將對象的創建抽象成一個接口 function createOpen($properties);//內向創建 function createIntro($properties);//外向創建 } class User implements userProperties{ private $username; private $gender; private $job; public function __construct($username, $gender, $job) { $this->username = $username; $this->gender = $gender; $this->job = $job; } public function getUsername() { return $this->username; } public function getGender() { return $this->gender; } public function getJob() { return $this->job; } } class userFactory { private $user; public function __construct($properties = []) { $this->user = new User($properties['username'], $properties['gender'], $properties['job']); } public function getUser() { return $this->user; } } class FactoryMan implements createUser { function createOpen($properties) { return new userFactory($properties); } function createIntro($properties) { return new userFactory($properties); } } class FactoryWoman implements createUser { function createOpen($properties) { return new userFactory($properties); } function createIntro($properties) { return new userFactory($properties); } } class clientUser { static public function getClient($properties) { $fac = new FactoryMan; $man = $fac->createOpen($properties); echo $man->getUser()->getUsername(); } } $employers = [ ['username' => 'Jack', 'gender' => 'male', 'job' => 'coder'], ['username' => 'Marry', 'gender' => 'female', 'job' => 'designer'], ]; $user = clientUser::getClient($employers[0]); ?>
如有錯誤,請指正。
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